陆军战斗模拟实验实施管理方案

陆军战斗模拟实验实施管理是驱动陆军战斗模拟实验活动不断向前发展的核心动力,是达成模拟实验任务的重要保证。针对陆军战斗模拟实验实施的特点和需求,提出了一套陆军战斗模拟实验实施管理方案,力图从抽象角度把初始数据的格式化设置、模型的集成与优化、实验实施的动态控制等模拟实验实施相关内容统一到一个方案空间之中,有效提高模拟实验系统的性能和效率,为模拟实验结果分析奠定基础。     

着陆冲击试验系统设计及大型橡胶容器试验验证

为确保大型橡胶容器的运输适航性,依据中国民用航空局对运输类飞机的应急着陆过载要求,开展着陆冲击试验系统设计。通过冲击平台仿真设计与校核、波形发生器仿真设计、摆锤系统与导向机构设计,构建了着陆冲击试验系统,有效负载约达20 t,最大冲击载荷达到400 t。选取大型橡胶容器作为典型空运物资进行应急着陆实装试验验证,结果表明:冲击波形均近似为三角波,与仿真曲线波形相似,过载峰值分别为侧向1.54g、航向3.06g、9.02g、16.20g,与目标峰值最大相对误差小于3%,峰值对应时间大于50 ms,试验系统符合设计要求。该试验系统可用于空运平台的研制,对于确保飞行安全、降低研制风险、提高空运适航性具有重要的意义。     

典型线性火工分离装置作用过程数值模拟及试验研究

针对目前线性火工分离装置的优化设计主要依靠试验验证,成本高且设计优化迭代慢的问题,采用任意拉格朗日-欧拉方法建立典型线性火工分离装置的数值模型。通过火工分离试验和光子多普勒测速试验对上述数值模型进行验证,发现该数值模型具有较好的精度。使用该模型研究上述火工分离装置分离瞬态过程的力学机理,并定量分析多种因素对分离装置重点部位等效塑性应变等关键特征量的影响。研究发现,芯药线密度、分离板削弱槽底部的圆角半径对分离装置的作用过程有重大影响。此外,保护罩材质、削弱槽开口角度、分离板槽结构尺寸等因素对分离过程也有一定影响,但其影响相对较小。研究结果可以为典型线性火工分离装置的优化设计提供基础。     

Data-driven prediction of plate velocities and plate deformation of explosive reactive armor

Explosive reactive armor (ERA) is currently being actively developed as a protective system for mobile devices against ballistic threats such as kinetic energy penetrators and shaped-charge jets. Considering mobility, the aim is to design a protection system with a minimal amount of required mass. The efficiency of an ERA is sensitive to the impact position and the timing of the detonation. Therefore, different designs have to be tested for several impact scenarios to identify the best design. Since analytical models are not predicting the behavior of the ERA accurately enough and experiments, as well as numerical simulations, are too time-consuming, a data-driven model to estimate the displacements and deformation of plates of an ERA system is proposed here. The ground truth for the artificial neural network (ANN) is numerical simulation results that are validated with experiments. The ANN approximates the plate positions for different materials, plate sizes, and detonation point positions with sufficient accuracy in real-time. In a future investigation, the results from the model can be used to estimate the interaction of the ERA with a given threat. Then, a measure for the effectiveness of an ERA can be calculated. Finally, an optimal ERA can be designed and analyzed for any possible impact scenario in negligible time.     

Microcrack- and microvoid-related impact damage and ignition responses for HMX-based polymer-bonded explosives at high temperature

Investigating the damage and ignition behaviors of polymer-bonded explosive (PBX) under a coupled impact and high-temperature loading condition is required for the safe use of charged PBXs. An improved combined microcrack and microvoid model (CMM) was developed for better describing the thermal effects of deformation, damage, and ignition responses of PBXs. The main features of the model under typical dynamic loadings (i.e. uniaxial tension and compression, and lateral confinement) at different initial temperature were first studied. And then the effects of temperature on impact-shear sensitivity of HMX-based PBXs were investigated. The results showed that the ignition threshold velocity of shear-crack hotspots exhibits an increase from 260 to 270 to 315–325 m/s when initial temperature increases from 301 to 348 K; and then the threshold velocity decreases to 290–300 m/s with the initial temperature continually increasing to 378 K. The predicted ignition threshold velocity level of the explosives under coupled impact and high temperature loading conditions were consistent with the experimental data.     

动圈扬声器涡流阻抗建模

由音圈涡流效应引起的涡流阻抗对小信号下动圈扬声器的高频响应影响较大。基于集总参数系统等效电路法,将涡流阻抗的幅值和相位分别表示为角频率的幂指数函数,提出了音圈涡流阻抗的幂指模型。使用激光阻抗测量系统,测量得到了3种类型6只扬声器单元的电阻抗曲线,并采用最小二乘法对实测阻抗进行曲线拟合,得到了涡流阻抗的模型参数。分析了模拟阻抗值与实测值的误差,结果表明:幂指模型的模拟结果准确反映了实测涡流阻抗随频率的变化规律,幅值和相位误差均较小,与实验吻合较好。     

小子样条件下战斗部爆炸仿真数据可信性分析

高效毁伤战斗部试验次数受到严格控制,如何在小子样条件下分析仿真数据的可信性非常有必要。通过均匀试验得到了战斗部在地下目标腔室内部爆炸某点冲击波最大超压峰值,利用normplot及Lilliefors函数分析了仿真数据的分布特征,而后在已有检验方法的基础上,结合顺序统计量和均匀分布的特点提出了一种新的相容性验证思路。研究表明:该方法不受样本容量的限制,利用MATLAB程序编程可以快速判断仿真数据的可信性。     

基于虚拟现实技术的手榴弹投掷安全施训研究

分析了目前手榴弹投掷训练存在的一些问题和研究方法,模拟仿真了基于虚拟现实技术、N-vision平台、3dsMax以及JACK建立的手榴弹实弹投掷场景,再现优秀训练者的技术动作和细微环节、教练员的意图,采用交互漫游,增强了沉浸感,从而提高训练质量,降低安全隐患风险。     

C~4ISR系统结构时效性的仿真评估

时效性是评价C4ISR系统结构优劣的重要标准。为了支撑C4ISR系统结构的分析评估与优化设计,提出了系统结构时效性的评估指标体系和指标评估模型,基于Agent建模方法建立了情报获取、情报处理、决策控制和响应执行等系统结构单元的仿真模型,设计并实现了C4ISR系统结构仿真评估软件。开展了三类仿真实验,分析了影响系统结构时效性的因素,比较了不同类型系统结构的优劣,验证了此方法的有效性。     

不同类型双层玻璃幕墙火灾烟气流动特性对比研究

采用大涡模拟方法研究整体式、走廊式和竖井式三类常用双层玻璃幕墙的火灾烟气流动特性。结果表明,整体式双层玻璃幕墙内的烟气在竖直方向上的蔓延速度很快,但空腔内烟气温度相对较低,约为180℃;走廊式双层玻璃幕墙可以将火灾烟气完全限制在着火楼层的玻璃幕墙空腔内,但空腔内最高温度高达270℃;竖井式双层玻璃幕墙不能完全阻止烟气向其他楼层玻璃幕墙空腔内的蔓延,但与整体式双层玻璃幕墙相比,进入其他楼层的烟气量明显减少,玻璃幕墙空腔内的最高温度介于上述两种双层玻璃幕墙空腔内最高温度值之间。在实际应用中,应充分考虑不同类型双层玻璃幕墙的消防问题,并有针对性的采取防护措施,降低其火灾危险性。